Tuol Sleng Genoside Museum

If you’re in Phnom Penh, the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum is a must see. It not only exposes the cruel past of Cambodia but is also an eye opener and often emotional journey through human history where one ponders on how a human being can commit such heinous acts upon another fellow human being.

One of the 5 buildings within the complex

The museum was formerly a high school in Phnom Penh which was used as the infamous Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. In August 1975, four months after the Khmer Rouge won the civil war, the five buildings of the Chao Ponhea Yat High School were converted into a prison and interrogation center. The Khmer Rouge renamed the complex "Security Prison 21" (S-21) and construction began to adapt the prison to the inmates: the buildings were enclosed in electrified barbed wire, the classrooms converted into tiny prison and torture chambers, and all windows were covered with iron bars and barbed wire to prevent escapes.

almost all the buildings are lined with barbed wires like this to prevent anyone from escaping or committing suicide.

this small cell will fit 3-5 prisoners at any one time

large holding cells that would fit 50-70 people

From 1975 to 1979, an estimated 17,000 people were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng. The prison is believed to hold 1000-1500 inmates at any one time. Upon arrival at the prison, prisoners were photographed and required to give detailed autobiographies, beginning with their childhood and ending with their arrest. After that, they were forced to strip to their underwear, and their possessions were confiscated. The prisoners were then taken to their cells. Those taken to the smaller cells were shackled to the walls or the concrete floor, while those who were held in the large mass cells were collectively shackled to long pieces of iron bar. The shackles were fixed to alternating bars, with prisoners sleeping on the floor with their heads in opposite directions. They were forbidden to talk to each other; almost every action had to be approved by one of the prison's guards. Those who disobeyed will be inflicted with severe beatings.

the tight regulation and severe punishments laid out for all inmates

prisoners were hanged inverted on this structure. Below the big bowls would contain human feces and urine where prisoners were dipped into while being tortured.

They were repeatedly tortured and coerced into naming family members and close associates, who were in turn arrested, tortured and killed. In the early months of S-21's existence, most of the victims were from the previous Lon Nol regime and included soldiers, government officials, as well as academics, doctors, teachers, students, factory workers, monks, engineers, etc. Later, the party leadership's paranoia turned on its own ranks and purges throughout the country saw thousands of party activists and their families being brought to Tuol Sleng and murdered. Although the official reason for their arrest was "espionage," these men may have been viewed by Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot as potential leaders of a coup against him. Prisoners' families were often brought all together to be interrogated and later murdered at the Choeung Ek extermination center.

When the prison was uncovered, only 7 prisoners were left alive. This man is the last living survival when I visited the museum.

The prison was uncovered by the invading Vietnamese army in 1979. The following year, the government of the People's Republic of Kampuchea reopened the prison as a historical museum memorializing the actions of the Khmer Rouge regime. The museum is now open to the public.

Some of the graves found on the site- These were done up after the prison was uncovered

Mekong River Cruise, Cambodia

The mighty Mekong River is a lifeline running through the heart of South East Asia. Rising in the Himalayan Mountains of Tibet, it winds its way through China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam before spilling into the South China Sea.

While there are many Mekong River Cruises that you can choose from, we did not sign up for one. In fact, this river cruise was kind of an impromptu thing. Our local tour guide suggested it the moment we arrived, and since we had nothing on our itinerary for the day, we decided to just ‘go and see’. We took the cruise while we were in Phnom Penh, and for $5 per pax, our family of 16 people managed to get a whole boat to ourselves for 2 hours. It was good way to enjoy the river bank, see crucial landmarks such as the Royal Palace, Naga World, and remote villages occupied mainly by the poorer Vietnamese migrants. We chatted and talked about family, friends and what not, quizzed the tour guide with history and general knowledge of Cambodia, and saw a magnificent sunset! All in all, a trip worth our dime!

Cruising Boats along the River Bank

One of the cruising boats

Locals fishing along the bank

A 5 Star hotel by the Mekong River

Fishermen

The village by the Mekong River, inhabited mostly by Vietnamese

Sunset at Mekong

Floating Chalets

Silhouettes

Night sky

Cambodia

Introduction

Officially, the name of the country in English is the "Kingdom of Cambodia", but is often shortened to just Cambodia. It is a Southeast Asian nation bordering Vietnam (to the east), Laos (to the north), and Thailand (northwest and southwest).

History:

The Khmer Empire was once wealthy, militarized, and a major force in the region, where it stretched to encompass parts of modern day Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.

It’s glorious days being under Jayavarman VII (1181-ca. 1218), where the Empire made significant territorial gains from the Vietnamese and Cham.

However, ever since the fall of Angkor in 1431, the once mighty Khmer Empire has been plundered by all its neighbors. It was colonized by the French in the 19th century, and during the 1970s, was bombed heavily by the USA. After a false dawn of independence in 1953, Cambodia swiftly fell back into the horrors of civil war in 1970 to suffer the Khmer Rough’s extremely brutal reign of terror. It was only after UN-sponsored elections in 1993, did the country begin to stagger back onto its feet.

I first visited Cambodia in January 2012, during the Chinese New Year Holidays. It was a short 5 days 4 nights trip to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. The weather was generally hot and humid. But prior research about the Khmer Empire and the Khmer Rouge made me very excited about this trip. We spent the first two days in Phnom Penh, and traveled to Siem Reap by coach on the third day.

For information on Phnom Penh & Siem Reap, stay tuned for their respective blog posts in this site.

Places we visited/Activities we did in Phnom Penh:

Mekong River Cruise 

The Royal Palace 

Toul Sleung Museum

Phnom Penh Central Market 

Naga World (Casino) 

Places we visited in Siem Reap:

Artisan d’Angkor

Pub Street 

Angkor Wat 

Angkor Thom 

Floating Village 

For individual introductions on the places/activities above, please check out the related blog posts in this site.

Hanoi Opera House

The Hanoi Opera House is a magnificent 900-seat venue, dating back to 1911 and built in wonderfully elaborate French-colonial style.  Situated in central Hanoi, it was erected by the French colonial administration between 1901 and 1911. It was modeled on the Palais Garnier in Paris, and is considered to be one of the architectural landmarks of Hanoi. Performances of classical music and opera are periodically held here in the evenings.

Ho Chi Minh's house on Stilts

While the Presidential Palace remains strictly off-limits to visitors, the expansive garden and pond at the rear of the Palace is wide open. A 300-foot path called "Mango Alley" leads from the visitors' entrance, around a carp pond, to the stilt house that housed Ho Chi Minh from 1958 to his death in 1969.

"Uncle Ho's Stilt House", or Nha San Bac Ho in the original Vietnamese, is an integral part of the "Uncle Ho" legend built up by glowing Vietnamese propaganda over the years. The stilt house's design is based on traditional houses from the Vietnamese northwest, which reminded Ho (it is said) of the houses in which he took refuge from the French while he was still a revolutionary.

There are only two rooms in the stilt house, both of which are no larger than a hundred square feet. The house even lacks a toilet. The void deck under the house was used by Ho as an office and receiving area for important guests.

36 Ancient Streets at the Old Quarter

Situated near Hoan Kiem lake is the Old Quarter, boasting the original street layout and architecture of old Hanoi. In the early 20th century the city consisted of only about 36 streets, most of which are now part of the old quarter. Each street consist of merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk traders, jewelers, bag traders, hats merchants, dried food sellers, etc. 

The street names nowadays still reflect these specializations, although many have moved from their original business. The area is famous for its small artisans and merchants, including many silk shops. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. 


One of the streets sells local cuisine where a passerby can sit on a small stool and enjoy a cup of fruit-shake or barbecued cockles. 


In the heart of the district is the night market which opens every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening with a variety of clothing, souvenirs and food. On these nights, certain streets are designated for pedestrians only, making it much safer for tourists, as they don’t have to be concerned about traffic on the streets. 

Long Bien Bridge

Long Bien Bridge, originally known as Paul Doumer Bridge, is a historic cantilever bridge across the Red River connects two parts of the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. Built in 1903, it was, at that time, one of the longest bridges in Asia with the length of 2,500 m. This bridge was built by the same company as that who built Paris’s Eiffel Tower, thus the slight resemblance in structure and design.

As Long Bien Bridge was the only bridge during the time of the Vietnam War across the Red River that connected Hanoi to the main port of Haiphong, the third largest city of Vietnam, it was heavily bombarded due to its critical position.

To date, some parts of the original structure remain intact, while large sections have been built later to repair the holes. Only half of the bridge retains its original shape. Trains, mopeds, bicycles and pedestrians still use the dilapidated bridge, while all other traffic are diverted to the nearby Chuong Duong Bridge and some other newly built bridges.